And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship, and his gestation and weaning [period] is thirty months. [He grows] until, when he reaches maturity and reaches [the age of] forty years, he says, "My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to work righteousness of which You will approve and make righteous for me my offspring. Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims."
Tafseer
{ ووصَّينا الإنسان بوالديه حُسنا } وفي قراءة إحسانا، أي أمرناه أن يحسن إليهما فنصب إحسانا على المصدر بفعله المقدر ومثله حسنا { حملته أمه كرها ووضعته كرها } أي على مشقة { وحمله وفصاله } من الرضاع { ثلاثون شهرا } ستة أشهر أقل مدة الحمل والباقي أكثر مدة الرضاع، وقيل إن حملت به ستة أو تسعة أرضعته الباقي { حتى } غاية لجملة مقدرة، أي وعاش حتى { إذا بلغ أشده } هو كمال قوته وعقله ورأيه أقله ثلاث وثلاثون سنة أو ثلاثون { وبلغ أربعين سنة } أي تمامها وهو أكثر الأشد { قال رب } إلخ، نزل في أبي بكر الصديق لما بلغ أربعين سنة بعد سنتين من مبعث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم آمن به ثم آمن أبواه ثم ابنه عبد الرحمن وابن عبد الرحمن أبو عتيق { أوزعني } ألهمني { أن أشكر نعمتك التي أنعمت } بها { عليَّ وعلى والديَّ } وهي التوحيد { وأن أعمل صالحا ترضاه } فأعتق تسعة من المؤمنين يعذبون في الله { وأصلح لي في ذريتي } فكلهم مؤمنون { إني تبت إليك وإني من المسلمين } .
{And We have enjoined upon man goodness to his parents.} In another reading, it is “kindness,” meaning We commanded him to be kind to them. So “kindness” is in the accusative case as a verbal noun with an implied verb, and the same applies to “goodness.” {His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship.} That is, with difficulty. {And his carrying and weaning} from breastfeeding {is thirty months.} Six months is the minimum duration of pregnancy, and the rest is the maximum duration of breastfeeding. It was said that if she carried him for six or nine months, she breastfed him for the remainder. {Until} is the end of an implied clause, meaning, and he lived until {when he reached maturity} which is the perfection of his strength, intellect, and judgment, the minimum being thirty-three or thirty years. {And reached forty years} that is, its completion, which is the maximum of maturity. {He said, “My Lord,” etc. This was revealed concerning Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he reached forty years of age, two years after the Prophet’s mission, may God bless him and grant him peace, believed in him, then his parents believed, then his son Abdur-Rahman, and the son of Abdur-Rahman, Abu Atiq. {Grant me} inspire me {to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed} upon me and upon my parents} which is monotheism {and to do righteousness of which You approve.} So free nine believers who were being tortured for the sake of God. {And make my offspring righteous for me.} They are all believers. {Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims.}
