And never is it for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake - then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation payment presented to the deceased's family [is required] unless they give [up their right as] charity. But if the deceased was from a people at war with you and he was a believer - then [only] the freeing of a believing slave; and if he was from a people with whom you have a treaty - then a compensation payment presented to his family and the freeing of a believing slave. And whoever does not find [one or cannot afford to buy one] - then [instead], a fast for two months consecutively, [seeking] acceptance of repentance from Allah . And Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.
Tafseer
{ وما كان لمؤمن أن يقتل مؤمنا } أي ما ينبغي أن يصدر منه قتل له { إلا خطئا } مخطئا في قتله من غير قصد { ومن قتل مؤمنا خطأ } بأن قصد رمي غيره كصيد أو شجرة فأصابه أو ضربه بما لا يقتل غالبا { فتحرير } عتق { رقبة } نسمة { مؤمنة } عليه { ودية مسلمة } مؤداة { إلى أهله } أي ورثة المقتول { إلا أن يصَّدقوا } يتصدقوا عليه بها بأن يعفوا عنها وبينت السنة أنها مائة من الإبل عشرون بنت مخاض وكذا بنات لبون وبنو لبون، وحقاق وجذاع وأنها على عاقلة القاتل وهم عصبته إلا الأصل والفرع موزعة عليهم على ثلاث سنين على الغني منهم نصف دينار والمتوسط ربع كل سنة فان لم يفوا فمن بيت المال فإن تعذر فعلى الجاني { فإن كان } المقتول { من قوم عدوٌ } حرب { لكم وهو مؤمن فتحرير رقبة مؤمنة } على قاتله كفارة ولا دية تسلم إلى أهله لحرابتهم { وإن كان } المقتول { من قوم بينكم وبينهم ميثاق } عهد كأهل الذمة { فدية } له { مسلَّمة إلى أهله } وهي ثلث دية المؤمن إن كان يهوديا أو نصرانيا وثلثا عشرها إن كان مجوسيا { وتحرير رقبة مؤمنة } على قاتله { فمن لم يجد } الرقبة بأن فقدها وما يحصلها به { فصيام شهرين متتابعين } عليه كفارة ولم يذكر الله تعالى الانتقال إلى الطعام كالظهار وبه أخذ الشافعي في أصح قوليه { توبة من اللهِ } مصدر منصوب بفعله المقدر { وكان الله عليما } بخلقه { حكيما } فيما دبره لهم .
What was the believer to kill a believer ie what should issue him kill him only mistake wrong in killing unintentionally and killed a believer error that accidentally throw other as hunting or tree hitting or beating what does not kill often liberation ransoming neck people locked it friendly Muslim rendered to his family any heirs of the slain but to believe in charity upon her to pardon them and showed the year as a hundred camels twenty girl pangs as well as the daughters of Bonn and the sons of Bonn, and flasks and Jmaa it on sane killer illusion his cohorts, but the origin and branch spread them over three years to the rich of them half a dinar and the average quarter of each year, the not met, it is the house of money that is not possible For offender If it slain folk enemy war you a believer liberalization believing slave the killer expiation nor friendly delivered to his family for Hrapthm though slain of people between you and them Charter reign as parents disclosure ransom a a Muslim to his family a third friendly insured if a Jew or a Christian and two-thirds of Ashrha if Mjusya and edit neck locked on the killer it did not find neck that lost and collected by the possible, to fast for two consecutive months it expiation did not mention God Jump to food Kalzaar and has taken Shafei in the healthiest Qoulih repentance of God source Mansob doing estimated God was Knower His creation wise as orchestrated them.
