Tafseer Ibn Kathir of AL A'RAAF [123]

123. Fir`awn said: ”You have believed in him ﴿Musa﴾ before I gave you permission. Surely, this is a plot which you have plotted in the city to drive out its people, but you shall come to know.'' 124. ”Surely, I will cut off your hands and your feet from opposite sides, then I will crucify you all.'' 125. They said: ”Verily, we are returning to our Lord.'' 126. ”And you take vengeance on us only because we believed in the Ayat of our Lord when they reached us! Our Lord! pour out on us patience, and cause us to die as Muslims.'' Allah mentions the threats that the Fir`awn - may Allah curse him - made to the magicians after they believed Musa, peace be upon him, and the deceit and cunning that Fir`awn showed the people. Fir`awn said,

(Surely, this is a plot which you have plotted in the city to drive out its people,) meaning Fir`awn proclaimed, `Musa's defeating you today was because you plotted with him and agreed to that.' Fir`awn also said,

(He (Musa) is your chief who has taught you magic.) ï´¿20:71ï´¾ However, Fir`awn and all those who had any sense of reason knew for sure that what Fir`awn said was utterly false. As soon as Musa came from Madyan, he called Fir`awn to Allah and demonstrated tremendous miracles and clear proofs for the Truth that he brought. Fir`awn then sent emissaries to various cities of his kingdom and collected magicians who were scattered throughout Egypt. Fir`awn and his people chose from them, summoned them, and Fir`awn promised them great rewards. These magicians were very eager to prevail over Musa in front of Fir`awn, so that they might become closer to him. Musa neither knew any of them nor saw or met them before. Fir`awn knew that, but he claimed otherwise to deceive the ignorant masses of his kingdom, just as Allah described them,

(Thus he ï´¿Fir`awnï´¾ fooled his people, and they obeyed him.) ï´¿43:54ï´¾ Certainly, a people who believed Fir`awn in his statement,

(”I am your lord, most high.'') ﴿79:24﴾, are among the most ignorant and misguided creatures of Allah. In his Tafsir, As-Suddi reported that Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Abbas, and several other Companions, commented,

(”Surely, this is a plot which you have plotted in the city...'') ”Musa met the leader of the magicians and said to him, `If I defeat you, will you believe in me and bear witness that what I brought is the truth' The magician said, `Tomorrow, I will produce a type of magic that cannot be defeated by another magic. By Allah! If you defeat me, I will believe in you and testify to your truth.' Fir`awn was watching them, and this is why he said what he said.'' His statement,

(”to drive out its people''), means, so that you all cooperate to gain influence and power, replacing the chiefs and masters of this land. In this case, power in the state will be yours,

(”but you shall come to know''), what I will do to you. He then explained his threat,

(”Surely, I will cut off your hands and your feet from opposite sides.'') by cutting the right hand and the left leg or the opposite,

(”then I will crucify you all.'') just as he said in another Ayah,

(”Fi the trunks of date palms'') ﴿20:71﴾, Fi in this Ayah means ”on''. Ibn `Abbas said that Fir`awn was the first to crucify and cut off hands and legs on opposite sides. The magicians said,

(”Verily, we are returning to our Lord.'') They said, `We are now sure that we will go back to Allah. Certainly, Allah's punishment is more severe than your punishment and His torment for what you are calling us to, this day, and the magic you forced us to practice, is greater than your torment. Therefore, we will observe patience in the face of your punishment today, so that we are saved from Allah's torment.' They continued,

(”Our Lord! pour out on us patience''), with your religion and being firm in it,

(”and cause us to die as Muslims.''), as followers of Your Prophet Musa, peace be upon him. They also said to Fir`awn,

(”So decide whatever you desire to decree, for you can only decide for the life of this world. Verily, we have believed in our Lord, that He may forgive us our faults, and the magic to which you did compel us. And Allah is better ﴿to reward﴾ and more lasting ﴿in punishment﴾. Verily, whoever comes to his Lord as a criminal, then surely, for him is Hell, wherein he will neither die nor live. But whoever comes to Him (Allah) as a believer, and has done righteous good deeds, for such are the high ranks (in the Hereafter).) ﴿20:72-75﴾. The magicians started the day as sorcerers and ended as honorable martyrs! Ibn `Abbas, `Ubayd bin `Umayr, Qatadah and Ibn Jurayj commented, ”They started the day as sorcerers and ended it as martyrs.''