Tafseer Ibn Kathir of AL FAATIHAH [4]

4. The Owner of the Day of Recompense.   Allah mentioned His sovereignty of the Day of Resurrection, but this does not negate His sovereignty over all other things. For Allah mentioned that He is the Lord of existence, including this earthly life and the Hereafter. Allah only mentioned the Day of Recompense here because on that Day, no one except Him will be able to claim ownership of anything whatsoever. On that Day, no one will be allowed to speak without His permission. Similarly, Allah said,

(The Day that Ar-Ruh (Jibril (Gabriel) or another angel) and the angels will stand forth in rows, they will not speak except him whom the Most Gracious (Allah) allows, and he will speak what is right.) (78:38),

(And all voices will be humbled for the Most Gracious (Allah), and nothing shall you hear but the low voice of their footsteps.)(20:108), and,

(On the Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His (Allah's) leave. Some among them will be wretched and (others) blessed) (11:105). Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas commented, ”Allah says, `On that Day, no one owns anything that they used to own in the world.'''   Ibn `Abbas said, ”Yawm Ad-Din is the Day of Recompense for the creatures, meaning the Day of Judgment. On that Day, Allah will reckon the creation for their deeds, evil for evil, good for good, except for those whom He pardons.'' In addition, several other Companions, Tabi`in and scholars of the Salaf, said similarly, for this meaning is apparent and clear from the Ayah.   Allah is the True Owner (Malik) (of everything and everyone). Allah said,

(He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, the King, the Holy, the One free from all defects) (59:23). Also, the Two Sahihs recorded Abu Hurayrah saying that the Prophet said,

(The most despicable name to Allah is a person who calls himself the king of kings, while there are no owners except Allah.) Also the Two Sahihs recorded that the Messenger of Allah said,

((On the Day of Judgement) Allah will grasp the earth and fold up the heavens with His Right Hand and proclaim, 'I Am the King! Where are the kings of the earth Where are the tyrants Where are the arrogant') Also, in the the Glorious Qur'an;

(Whose is the kingdom this Day Allah's, the One, the Irresistible.)(40:16). As for calling someone other than Allah a king in this life, 3-24). :23NNA r-Rahman (the Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (the Most Merciful)) We explained these Names in the Basmalah. Al-Qurtubi said, ”Allah has described Himself by `Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim' after saying `the Lord of the Alamin', so His statement here includes a warning, and then an encouragement. Similarly, Allah said, حRNA ? Allah is Al-Malik (King or Owner) Allah is the True Owner (Malik) (of everything and everyone). Allah said,

(Whose is the kingdom this Day Allah's, the One, the Irresistible.)(40:16). As for calling someone other than Allah a king in this life, then it is done as a figure of speech. For instance, Allah said,

(Indeed Allah appointed Talut (Saul) as a king over you.) (2:247),

(As there was a king behind them)(18:79), and,

When He made Prophets among you, and made you kings )5:20(. Also, the Two Sahihs recorded,

(Just like kings reclining on their thrones)   Ad-Din means the reckoning, the reward or punishment. Similarly, Allah said,

(On that Day Allah will pay them the (Dinahum) recompense (of their deeds) in full) (24:25), and,

(Shall we indeed (be raised up) to receive reward or punishment (according to our deeds)) (37:53). A Hadith stated,

(The wise person is he who reckons himself and works for (his life) after death.) meaning, he holds himself accountable. Also, `Umar said, ”Hold yourself accountable before you are held accountable, weigh yourselves before you are weighed, and be prepared for the biggest gathering before He Whose knowledge encompasses your deeds,

(That Day shall you be brought to Judgement, not a secret of yours will be hidden) (69:18).''