Tafseer Ibn Kathir of AL ISRAA' [23]

23. And your Lord has Qada ﴿decreed﴾ that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor reprimand them but address them in terms of honor. 24. And lower unto them the wing of submission and humility through mercy, and say: ”My Lord! Bestow on them Your mercy as they did bring me up when I was young.'' Allah commands us to worship Him alone, with no partner or associate. The word Qada ﴿normally having the meaning of decree﴾ here means ”commanded''. Mujahid said that

(And He has Qada) means enjoined. This is also how Ubayy bin Ka`b, Ibn Mas`ud and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim recited the Ayah as:

”And your Lord has Wassa ﴿enjoined﴾ that you worship none but Him.'' The idea of worshipping Allah is connected to the idea of honoring one's parents. Allah says:

(And that you be dutiful to your parents.) Here He commands good treatment of parents, as He says elsewhere:

(give thanks to Me and to your parents. Unto Me is the final destination) ï´¿31:14ï´¾

(If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect,) means, do not let them hear anything offensive from you, not even say ”Uff!'' which is the mildest word of disrespect,

(and do not reprimand them) means, do not do anything horrible to them.

(and do not reprimand them) `Ata' bin Rabah said that it meant, ”Do not raise your hand against them.'' When Allah forbids speaking and behaving in an obnoxious manner, He commands speaking and behaving in a good manner, so He says:

(but address them in terms of honor.) meaning gently, kindly, politely, and with respect and appreciation.

(And lower unto them the wing of submission and humility through mercy,) means, be humble towards them in your actions.

(and say: ”My Lord! Bestow on them Your Mercy as they did bring me up when I was young.'') means, say this when they grow old and when they die. Ibn `Abbas said: ”But then Allah revealed:

(It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah's forgiveness for the idolators. ..)'' ﴿9:13﴾ There are many Hadiths which speak about honoring one's parents, such as the Hadith narrated through a number of chains of narration from Anas and others, which states that the Prophet climbed up on the Minbar, and then said, ((Amin, Amin, Amin.)) It was said, ”O Messenger of Allah, why did you say Amin'' He said:

(Jibril came to me and said, ”O Muhammad, he is doomed who hears you mentioned and does not say Salla upon you.'' He said, ”Say Amin,'' so I said Amin. Then he said, ”He is doomed who sees the month of Ramadan come and go, and he has not been forgiven.'' He said, ”Say Amin,'' so I said Amin. Then he said, ”He is doomed who grows up and both his parents or one of them are still alive, and they do not cause him to enter Paradise.'' He said, ”Say Amin,'' so I said Amin.)

(He is doomed, he is doomed, he is doomed, the man whose parents, one or both of them, reach old age while he is alive and he does not enter Paradise.) This version is Sahih although no one recorded it other than Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded Mu`awiyah bin Jahimah As-Salami saying that Jahimah came to the Prophet and said: ”O Messenger of Allah, I want to go out to fight and I have come to seek your advice.'' He said,

(Do you have a mother) He said, ”Yes.'' The Prophet said,

(Then stay with her, for Paradise is at her feet.) Similar incidents were also recorded by others. This was recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.   Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Miqdam bin Ma`dikarib said that the Prophet said:

(Allah enjoins you concerning your fathers, Allah enjoins you concerning your mothers, Allah enjoins you concerning your mothers, Allah enjoins you concerning your mothers, Allah enjoins you concerning your close relatives then the next in closeness.) This was recorded by Ibn Majah from the Hadith of `Abdullah bin `Ayyash. Ahmad recorded that a man from Banu Yarbu` said: ”I came to the Prophet while he was talking to the people, and I heard him saying,

(The hand of the one who gives is superior. (Give to) your mother and your father, your sister and your brother, then the closest and next closest.)''